Contamination and Cleanliness Measurement on Assemblies Contamination on an assembly is not only a cosmetic problem. It changes the surface insulation resistance, it provides the ions for electrochemical migration, and it can block a connector or a coating. The question is how much is acceptable and how it is measured.…

Hall Current Sensor Circuit Design A Hall current sensor measures the magnetic field that a current produces and reports the current without inserting a shunt in the path. That isolation from the measured circuit is the reason it appears in motor drives, battery management and power supplies, and it is…

PCB Delivery Date Promise: Design and Assembly Considerations Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains…

PCB Partial Shipment: What Matters on the Production Line Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB partial shipment from the perspective of a PCBA factory floor,…

PCB Reorder Handling: From Prototype to Volume Production Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB reorder handling gives you a practical advantage when you…

Busbar: Design Rules and Process Limits There is a current above which a copper trace stops being a practical conductor. The trace width needed to keep the temperature rise acceptable grows faster than the current, and the board area that the conductor consumes becomes larger than the circuit it feeds.…

Thermal Relief Design For Plane Connections A pad that is connected directly to a copper plane is thermally part of that plane, and that is exactly the problem during soldering. The plane conducts heat away from the joint as fast as the iron or the wave can supply it, so…

PCB Production Status Report: Practical Process Controls Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB production status report gives you a practical advantage when you…

PCB Engineering Question List: A Factory-Floor Review Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB engineering question list from the perspective of a PCBA factory floor, covering…

PCB Order Confirmation: A Factory-Floor Review Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains PCB order…