Medical FR4 PCB: Requirements, Documentation and Cost Drivers A medical FR4 PCB is usually the same laminate as any other FR4 board. What changes is the documentation, the inspection and the cleanliness requirements applied to it, and those changes are what move the price. Understanding where the cost sits lets…

Embedded Component PCB: Placing Parts Inside the Board An embedded component PCB carries some of its parts inside the board rather than on the surface. The components, usually resistors and capacitors and occasionally an active die, are placed on an inner layer during lamination and buried under the layers above.…

Polyimide PCB Guide: Properties, Applications and Manufacturing Polyimide appears twice in board design, and the two uses are often confused. As a base film it is the standard substrate for flexible circuits. As a laminate it is a high temperature alternative to epoxy glass for rigid and rigid-flex boards that…

CEM-1 PCB Material: Properties and When to Use It CEM-1 occupies a middle ground that many designers never consider and many buyers should. It is cheaper than FR-4, far more robust than FR-2, and punchable in a press rather than drilled, which makes it the material of choice for a…

PCB Battery Pack PCB Design: Key Process and Quality Checks Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This…

PCB Near Field Probe Scan: From Prototype to Volume Production Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This…

PCB TEM Cell Measurement: From Prototype to Volume Production Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article…

Bent Circuit Boards vs Flexible PCBs: What Differs The two terms are often used interchangeably, and they describe different things. A bent circuit board is a rigid board that has been formed into a shape. A flexible PCB is a board made from a material that bends by design. The…

Mobile Phone PCB: Design and Construction A phone board is the most demanding consumer circuit board in volume production. It carries a processor, a radio, a power management system, cameras, display and audio in a volume smaller than a credit card, and it has to survive being dropped. Almost every…

Power Bank PCB Design: Components, Layout, Protection A power bank is a battery, an enclosure, and a small circuit board that decides whether the product is safe, efficient, and durable. That board manages power distribution, regulates voltage, protects the cell, and handles the interfaces the user touches. Designing it well…