Copper Foil: Design Rules and Process Limits Every copper layer on a board begins as a foil, and there are two ways to make that foil. One is deposited onto a rotating drum from solution; the other is rolled from a cast ingot. The two processes produce copper with different…

PCB ESD Control Cost: What It Adds Up To Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB ESD control cost from the perspective of a PCBA factory…

PCB ESD Control Control: Holding It Steady Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB ESD control control gives you a practical advantage when you…

PCB Solder Paste Volume Measurement And Control Visual inspection of a printed board can tell you whether paste is present and roughly where it sits. It cannot tell you how much alloy will end up in the joint, which is what actually determines fillet height, bridging risk, and voiding. Paste…

Thermal Shock Testing for PCBs and Assembled Boards Thermal shock testing puts a finished board through rapid temperature changes to see whether the plated holes, the laminate and the solder joints survive them. It is a destructive test, it is slow, and it is one of the few checks that…

Thermal Profiling for Thick Boards and Heavy Assemblies A thick board or a heavily populated assembly does not simply run slower through the oven; it runs differently. The laminate acts as a heat sink, the copper planes spread heat laterally, and the components on the top side shield the board…

Reel Splicing and Tape Joint Rules Splicing joins the end of an almost empty carrier tape to the start of a full reel so that the feeder never has to be reloaded during a run. It is a small operation with a disproportionate effect: a splice that is too thick,…

PCB ESD Control Selection: Choosing What Fits Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB ESD control selection gives you a practical advantage when you…

PCB ESD Control Environment: Where It Happens Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB ESD control environment gives you a practical advantage when you…

PCB ESD Control Improvement: Getting Better Each Lot Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB ESD control improvement from the perspective of a PCBA factory floor,…