Process Capability Upgrades for Volume Electronics Assembly When a product moves from a small batch into a programme that runs for months, the process that produced an acceptable first batch is often not the process that will produce a consistent thousandth. Process capability is the property that has to change,…

PCB Epoxy Potting for Connectors: Sealing the Back of a Connector Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB epoxy potting for connectors from the perspective of…

PCB Jumper Wire Repair: When a Trace Must Be Cut Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB jumper wire repair gives you a practical…

High Frequency Material Selection for Multilayer Boards The choice of laminate for a multilayer board used to be a decision about the operating temperature and the cost. For boards carrying high speed interfaces it has become an electrical decision, because the material contributes a measurable part of the total loss…

PCB Pad Repair After Lift: Fixing a Damaged Pad Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB pad repair after lift from the perspective of a PCBA…

Fabricating High Layer Count Boards from Twenty to Forty Layers Above twenty layers, board fabrication stops behaving like an enlarged version of an ordinary process and starts behaving like a different one. The reason is cumulative: every additional pair of layers adds a lamination cycle, and every lamination cycle adds…

What Drives PCB Design Cost: Scope, Time and Revisions Two quotations for the same board can differ by a factor of two, and the difference is almost never in the hourly rate. PCB design cost follows from the scope of the work, the engineering time the scope actually consumes and…

PCB BGA Rework Procedure: Replacing a Ball Grid Part Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article…

PCB Laser Soldering for Flex: A Beam Instead of an Iron Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years.…

PCB Ultrasonic Welding of Interconnects: Joining With Vibration Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains…