PCB Solder Mask Effect on Impedance: The Coating Changes the Number Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB solder mask effect on impedance gives…

PCB Coplanar Waveguide Design: Copper on Both Sides Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains…

PCB Embedded Microstrip Versus Stripline: Surface or Buried Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains…

PCB Connector Pinout for Signal Integrity: Arranging the Pins Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article…

PCB Layer Assignment for High Speed: Which Signal Lives Where Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This…

PCB Via Crosstalk Control: Noise Between Layers Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains PCB…

PCB Guard Trace Design: A Route Beside a Victim Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article…

PCB Trace Spacing for Crosstalk Control: How Far Apart Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article…

PCB Controlled Impedance Differential Pair: Two Traces, One Impedance Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article…

First Article Approval: What It Confirms Before Production The first article approval is the point at which the production setup is confirmed against the product, and it is the cheapest defect-removal mechanism in the whole process. Everything that is wrong at that moment is still cheap: a stencil can be…