UPS PCB Manufacturing Power That Cannot Be Interrupted An uninterruptible power supply exists for the moment when everything else fails, which means it has to work on the one day it is needed rather than the day it was tested. Inside the unit, the board manages the conversion from alternating…

PCB Wire Bonding Pad Finish: A Surface the Wire Can Weld To Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB wire bonding pad finish from the perspective…

PCB Staking for Heavy Parts: Holding Big Parts in Place Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This…

BGA Ball Placement Service Cost Why Ball Placement Matters As packages have moved to higher input and output counts and finer pitches, the ball array under a device has become one of the most demanding features of an assembly. Ball grid arrays, chip scale packages and flip chip devices all…

PCB Design Cost Breakdown Design Is a Small Line Item With a Large Lever The engineering effort that goes into a board is usually a modest fraction of what the product costs to build over its life, but it is the part that decides how much everything else costs. A…

PCB Potting and Encapsulation: Filling the Box Around the Board Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This…

High Speed PCB Cost Breakdown Why the Price Jumps A high speed board is not simply a board with more layers. What makes it expensive is the discipline the signal requires: the laminate has to hold its dielectric properties at the frequencies in use, the trace geometry has to be…

Vehicle Sensor PCB Manufacturing Sensors Decide the Vehicle Behaviour A modern vehicle makes most of its decisions from sensor data. Temperature and pressure readings drive engine management, radar, camera and lidar modules feed driver assistance, inertial sensors track the vehicle’s motion, and current and voltage sensing keeps the battery within…

PCB Conformal Coating Cure Check: Making Sure It Has Set Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This…

Microwave Transmitter PCB Manufacturing Where the Margin Goes A microwave transmitter runs continuously at high frequency and often at high power, and the link budget that the system was designed around is consumed by losses that mostly live on the board. A small change in dielectric constant, a deviation in…