Transmitter PCB: Design and Cost Factors What a Transmitter Board Adds to a Radio A radio board receives and transmits; a transmitter board is built around the transmitting chain and the problems that come with it. The receiver is a low level circuit that must be quiet. The transmitter is…

PCB Laser Cut Flex Profile: Cutting a Flexible Circuit Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB laser cut flex profile gives you a practical…

Rogers 6002 PCB: Properties, Design and Selection Where 6002 Sits in the Range Rogers 6002 is a polytetrafluoroethylene based laminate reinforced with a woven glass fabric, part of the RO6000 family and designed for microwave and high speed digital circuits where loss has to be very low. Its dielectric constant…

Microphone PCB: Design for Low Noise Audio What Makes an Audio Board Different An audio board handles signals that are small, slow and analogue. A microphone capsule produces millivolts or fractions of a millivolt, the preamplifier works at a level where a stray microampere of injected current is audible, and…

Buzzer PCB: Driving Sounders and Piezo Elements Two Kinds of Sounder A buzzer produces a tone, and the two families available work differently enough that the drive circuit, the layout and the acoustic design all follow from the choice. A magnetic sounder contains a coil, a magnet and a diaphragm,…

PCB Router Bit Chip Load: Cutting Without Burning Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB router bit chip load from the perspective of a PCBA factory…

PCB Stacked Drilling Accuracy: Drilling More Than One Panel Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB stacked drilling accuracy from the perspective of a PCBA factory…

Optoelectronic Rigid PCB: Boards for Light-Based Electronics What an Optoelectronic Board Has to Do An optoelectronic board sits at the boundary between electricity and light. It drives an emitter such as an LED, a laser diode or a vertical cavity laser, it receives light on a photodiode or an image…

Wire Bondable Soft Gold PCB: Finish Selection Why a Bondable Finish Is Different A solderable finish has to survive reflow and form a joint with molten solder. A wire bondable finish has to do something harder: it has to accept an ultrasonic or thermosonic weld to a wire a few…

PCB Entry Material for Drilling: The Sheet on Top of the Stack Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB entry material for drilling gives…