Glass Fabric Selection and Its Effect on PCB Laminates A laminate is a sandwich of glass fabric and cured resin, and the fabric is the part that most designers never consider. The weave style, the yarn count and the amount of resin around the glass determine the thickness, the mechanical…

PCB X Ray Inspection Problems: When It Goes Wrong Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB X ray inspection problems from the perspective of a PCBA…

PCB SPI Review: A Second Look Buyers and engineers often focus on the finished product and forget the production line behind it. In practice, most field failures can be traced back to process decisions made during assembly. Understanding PCB SPI review gives you a practical advantage when you choose a…

PCB X Ray Inspection Checklist: What to Check Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB X ray inspection checklist from the perspective of a PCBA factory…

PCB SPI Risks: What Could Go Wrong Modern electronics depend on boards that are assembled correctly the first time. Every product – a phone, a charger, a medical instrument or an industrial controller – relies on thousands of solder joints that must conduct current for years. This article explains PCB…

Hatch Plane Design On PCB Layers A hatch plane is a copper area filled with a grid of lines rather than with solid copper. It carries the same net as a solid plane and it is connected the same way, but the material is removed in a regular pattern, which…

Automation: Design Rules and Process Limits Automation in a board shop is usually justified as labour saving, and that is rarely where most of the benefit comes from. The larger effects are consistency and yield. A machine that performs the same motion every time removes the variation between shifts, and…

Copper Surface Finish Selection For PCBs The surface finish on a printed circuit board is the thin layer between the copper and everything that happens to it afterwards: the storage, the solder, the connector contact, the probe and the coating. It is chosen for the assembly process, but it also…

Labour Productivity in PCB Manufacturing Labour productivity is the output a shop achieves per hour of labour, and it is a useful measure only when the output is defined carefully. Counting panels per hour rewards the shop for making simple boards and penalises it for difficult ones, which is the…

Package On Package Stacking Design A package on package assembly places one packaged device on top of another, with the two joined by a perimeter array of solder balls that carries the signals between them. The arrangement is used where a logic device and a memory device have to be…