PCB Under Stencil Wipe: Cleaning Between Prints Electronics manufacturing has become a discipline of small details. Solder paste volumes, placement accuracy, temperature profiles and inspection limits all add up to the final result. This guide looks at PCB under stencil wipe from the perspective of a PCBA factory floor, covering…
Aluminium PCB Thickness: Thermal and Mechanical Effects An aluminium board is chosen when the heat cannot be removed any other way. The metal base replaces the structural role of the laminate and adds a thermal path that conducts heat away through the board itself, and it is the thickness of…
Optical Imaging PCB: Design for Cameras, LiDAR and Fiber Modules An optical imaging PCB sits between a sensor and a processor, and the requirements on it come from physics rather than from a feature list. Photons arrive at a sensor, electrons leave it at high speed, and in a LiDAR…
Industrial Instrument PCB: A Complete Beginner Guide An industrial instrument is a device that measures a physical quantity and reports it with a stated accuracy, and it keeps doing so for years in an environment it did not choose. That definition is what separates the board inside a process transmitter…
PCB Panelization: Requirements for Assembly and Fabrication PCB panelization is the step that turns a single board design into something a machine can assemble at volume. It decides how many boards fit on a production panel, how they are held in place and where the tooling marks go, and it…
Fingerprint Sensor FPC: Design and Assembly Considerations A fingerprint sensor FPC is one of the tightest flexible interconnects in a consumer product, and a fingerprint sensor sits under glass, behind a button or on the back of a phone, and the flexible circuit that connects it carries a dense array…
Industrial PCB in SCADA Systems: Architecture and Design A SCADA system is the layer that connects the plant floor to the people who operate it. Remote terminal units and programmable controllers gather measurements from sensors and drive actuators, and the SCADA software presents the result and issues commands. The boards…
Flexible PCBA for Foldable Phones: Bend Life and Stack-Up A foldable phone puts a flexible circuit through a mechanical duty cycle that no other consumer product demands. The interconnect that crosses the hinge has to fold and unfold thousands of times over the life of the device, in a space…
Surgical Instrument PCB: Sterilisation and Patient Isolation A surgical instrument is the most demanding environment a circuit board can be placed in. It is sterilised repeatedly, it is handled roughly, it may be in contact with the patient, and a failure during a procedure is not recoverable. A surgical instrument…
PCBA Assembly Tolerance: Standards, Stacks and Process Capability Assembly tolerance on a PCBA is the accumulated variation between where a component should be and where it actually lands, and it is the sum of several independent contributions rather than a single number. When a fine-pitch assembly fails intermittently, the cause…












